Construction of Pig Farm Biosafety System and Regular Epidemic Prevention Technology
Standardized Disinfection, Immunization and Disease Risk Prevention Guide
Epidemic prevention and control is the bottom line of pig breeding. High-incidence diseases such as African swine fever, pseudorabies and PRRS will cause devastating losses to pig farms once outbreaks occur. Building a systematic biosafety prevention and control system and implementing regular epidemic prevention technologies are core means to ensure stable production and reduce breeding risks of pig farms.
Physical isolation is the first line of defense for pig farm biosafety. It is necessary to completely separate the production area, living area, material disinfection area and vehicle parking area with physical walls to avoid cross-contamination. Implement closed-loop management for personnel entry and exit: all personnel entering the production area must take a bath, change clothes and disinfect strictly, and external personnel are prohibited from entering the production area. Breeding vehicles and materials are transferred in zones. Pig transport vehicles and feed vehicles are not allowed to enter the farm, and loading and unloading are completed in designated off-site areas to completely block the introduction of external pathogens.
Establish a normalized disinfection system of "daily disinfection, weekly comprehensive disinfection and empty house full disinfection". Spray and disinfect pig house passages, ground and appliances every day; conduct three-dimensional full-farm disinfection every week and replace different types of disinfectants regularly to avoid pathogen drug resistance. After the batch slaughter, adopt the four-step disinfection process of cleaning, drying, spraying and fumigating, with closed fumigation time of no less than 24 hours. Strengthen key point disinfection: focus on preventing diarrhea and respiratory diseases in delivery rooms and nursery houses, and focus on PRRS and circovirus in fattening houses. Replace disinfectant in disinfection pools daily to ensure standard concentration.
Formulate scientific and standardized immunization procedures according to local epidemic prevalence characteristics to avoid blind immunization, missed immunization and repeated immunization. Piglets complete basic immunization against swine fever, pseudorabies, circovirus and mycoplasma on schedule. Sows receive regular booster immunization to increase maternal antibody levels and protect piglets through breast milk. Use formal qualified vaccines, standardize vaccine storage, transportation and vaccination processes, and conduct regular antibody monitoring and supplementary immunization. Daily health inspection, isolation of sick pigs and timely treatment can effectively control disease spread and ensure herd health.
疫病防控是生猪养殖的底线工作，非洲猪瘟、蓝耳病、伪狂犬等高发疫病一旦爆发，会给猪场带来毁灭性经济损失。搭建系统化生物安全防控体系、落实常态化防疫技术，是猪场规避养殖风险、保障持续稳产的核心手段，也是现代标准化养猪的必备基础工作。
物理隔离是猪场生物安全的第一道防线。猪场需严格分区管理，用实体围墙彻底分隔生产区、生活区、物资消毒区、车辆停靠区，杜绝区域交叉污染。人员进场执行闭环管理，所有进入生产区的人员必须经过洗澡、更衣、全身消毒流程，外来闲散人员严禁踏入生产区域。养殖车辆、物资实行场外转运制度，拉猪车、送料车禁止入场，在指定场外区域完成装卸工作，从源头阻断外源病原传入猪场。
建立“每日消杀、每周大消、空栏全消”的常态化消毒制度。每日对猪舍地面、过道、养殖器具喷雾消毒;每周开展全场立体消杀，交替更换不同类型消毒剂，避免病原产生耐药性;批次出栏空栏后，执行清洗、烘干、喷雾、熏蒸四步消杀流程，熏蒸密闭时长不低于24小时。产房、保育舍重点防控腹泻与呼吸道疾病，育肥舍重点防控蓝耳、圆环病毒，门口消毒池消毒液每日更换，保证有效消毒浓度。
结合当地疫病流行特点制定标准化免疫程序，杜绝漏免、重免、盲目免疫。仔猪按时完成猪瘟、伪狂犬、圆环、支原体基础免疫;母猪定期开展加强免疫，提升母体抗体，通过母乳保护仔猪健康成长。选用正规合规疫苗，规范疫苗冷藏、运输、接种全流程，定期抽检猪群抗体水平，及时补免。每日巡查猪群健康状态，隔离病猪、及时诊疗，有效遏制疫病扩散，保障猪群整体健康。
