兔巴氏杆菌病防治：临床症状识别与抗生素治疗方案

Rabbit pasteurellosis is a common bacterial infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, with carrier rates reaching 30-70% in rabbit populations. Stress from transport, sudden climate changes, or overcrowding often triggers outbreaks causing severe economic losses.

Clinical signs vary across four main types. Rhinitis type is most prevalent, presenting as sneezing, serous to purulent nasal discharge, and soiled fur on inner forepaws. Pneumonia type shows fever, dyspnea, anorexia, and high mortality. Otitis media type presents with head tilt and circling. Septicemic type is peracute, with death occurring without obvious signs.

Differential diagnosis rules out Bordetella and Staphylococcus infections. Pasteurellosis typically has purulent nasal discharge; necropsy reveals pulmonary hemorrhages and hepatic necrotic foci. Confirmation requires bacterial isolation and biochemical identification.

Antibiotic treatment should follow susceptibility testing. Common sensitive antibiotics include enrofloxacin 5-10 mg/kg IM, florfenicol 20-30 mg/kg IM, ceftiofur 3-5 mg/kg IM, 1-2 times daily for 3-5 days. Flock treatment can use enrofloxacin or doxycycline in drinking water.

Comprehensive prevention: regularly test and cull positive carriers to establish clean populations. Reduce stocking density to no more than 3 per cage. Maintain good ventilation with strict ammonia control. Vaccinate with inactivated Pasteurella vaccine; breeding rabbits twice annually.